c#多线程同步执行
对于多线程同步执行，可能听起来比较拗口，但是它的作用在某些业务下，有非常的大作用，分别进行阐述。
同步
同步就是按照顺序1234这样进行下去，有顺序，有规律的进行着。
多线程
多线程对于单线程来说的，单线程，就是开启一个线程进行工作，多线程则是，开启多个线程进行多个工作，并且没有顺序，没有规律性。
多线程同步，则是，既有同步和多线程的特点，即开启多个线程进行工作的同时，还要按照顺序和规律执行。
其实，解决多线性同步的问题，有很多种，比如使用lock锁等等方法。本节介绍使用async/await的方法来实现他的功能。
1.建立一个winform程序，可以模拟界面处理数据
2.使用同步的方法
对变量a增加1，其中 Thread.Sleep(1000)可以表示，这个业务处理的时间，然后连续增加5次。
代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
int a = 0;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch.Start();
A();
//Task.Delay(3000);
//B();
//Task.Delay(3000);
//await C();
stopwatch.Stop();
label1.Text = a.ToString();
label2.Text = "耗时：" + stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
//Thread.Sleep(10000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 单线程，同步有顺序
/// </summary>
public void A()
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，没有顺序
/// </summary>
public void B()
{
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
//List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，有顺序
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public async Task C()
{
Task task = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task;
Task task1 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task1;
Task task2 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task2;
Task task3 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task3;
Task task4 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task4;
}
}
}
效果
耗时5036，按照顺序执行，并且界面是卡死状态。
3.使用多线程的方法
因为变化太快了，所以增加了延迟
多线程，还可以使用B()中屏蔽的方法
代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
int a = 0;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch.Start();
//A();
Task.Delay(3000);
B();
Task.Delay(3000);
//await C();
stopwatch.Stop();
label1.Text = a.ToString();
label2.Text = "耗时：" + stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
//Thread.Sleep(10000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 单线程，同步有顺序
/// </summary>
public void A()
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，没有顺序
/// </summary>
public void B()
{
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
//List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，有顺序
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public async Task C()
{
Task task = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task;
Task task1 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task1;
Task task2 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task2;
Task task3 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task3;
Task task4 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task4;
}
}
}
效果
耗时29，可以看到没有按照顺序进行，但是界面是可以移动的
4. 多线程同步
这段代码就阐述了，即开启多个线程进行工作的同时，还按照顺序和规律执行。
代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
int a = 0;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch.Start();
//A();
//Task.Delay(3000);
//B();
//Task.Delay(3000);
await C();
stopwatch.Stop();
label1.Text = a.ToString();
label2.Text = "耗时：" + stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
//Thread.Sleep(10000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 单线程，同步有顺序
/// </summary>
public void A()
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
a++; Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，没有顺序
/// </summary>
public void B()
{
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
});
//List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//tasks.Add(Task.Run(() =>
//{
// a++;
// Console.WriteLine(a);
// Thread.Sleep(1000);
//}));
//Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
}
/// <summary>
/// 多线程，并行，有顺序
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public async Task C()
{
Task task = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task;
Task task1 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task1;
Task task2 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task2;
Task task3 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task3;
Task task4 = Task.Run(() =>
{
a++;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
});
await task4;
}
}
}
效果
耗时5052，并且是按照顺序执行的，而且界面还可以拖动，正是我们需要的。
拓展async/await
在C()方法中，其实是遇到await后，代码则是返回task.run上面去了，然后从上到下再执行，执行到第二方法，又返回task.run上面去了，然后再从上到下执行，以此类推，所以和同步执行的时间基本上一样的。
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