{"id":5121,"date":"2024-09-28T10:01:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T02:01:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-09-28T10:01:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T02:01:01","slug":"\u516d\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb_\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7\u6587\u7ae0\u9605\u8bfb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/5121.html","title":{"rendered":"\u516d\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb_\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7\u6587\u7ae0\u9605\u8bfb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"display: none;\"> \n <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" d=\"M5,0 0,2.5 5,5z\" id=\"raphael-marker-block\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><\/path> \n<\/svg> <\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h4>2019\u5e7412\u6708\u771f\u9898<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u6587<\/li>\n<li>\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<li>\u9010\u53e5\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>Part 1<\/li>\n<li>Part 2<\/li>\n<li>Part 3<\/li>\n<li>Part 4<\/li>\n<li>Problem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\u6848<\/li>\n<li>\u7b54\u6848\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4>\u539f\u6587<\/h4>\n<p>\u2003\u2003\u201cThe dangerous thing about lying is people don\u2019t understand how the act changes us,\u201d says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else\u2019s perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.<br \/> \u2003\u2003Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal (\u9885\u8154\u58c1\u7684 ) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty\u2014and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural (\u795e\u7ecf\u7684) reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars\u2014suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.<br \/> \u2003\u2003 External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalise it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. \u201cWe as a society need to understand that, when we don\u2019t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,\u201d Ariely says.<br \/> \u2003\u2003In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people\u2019s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses\u2014including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.<\/p>\n<h4>\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child\u2019s development?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09It is hard to choose from several options.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09It requires speedy blood flow into one\u2019s brain.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09When they become too emotional.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09When they face too much peer pressure.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09When the temptation is too strong.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09When the consequences are not imminent.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>When are people less likely to lie?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09When they are worn out and stressed.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09When they are under watchful eyes.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09When they think in a rational way.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09When they have a clear conscience.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09They may feel justified.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09They will tell bigger lies.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09They will become complacent.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09They may mix lies and truths.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u9010\u53e5\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/h4>\n<hr>\n<h5>Part 1<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003\u201cThe dangerous thing about <strong>lying<\/strong> is people don\u2019t understand how the act changes us,\u201d says Dan Ariely, <strong>behavioural psychologist<\/strong> at Duke University.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66<strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong>Dan Ariely\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c<strong>\u8c0e\u8a00<\/strong>\u7684\u5371\u9669\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>lying<\/code> \uff1a<strong>\u6492\u8c0e<\/strong>\uff1b\u5e73\u8eba\uff1b\u4fdd\u6301(\u67d0\u79cd\u72b6\u6001)<\/li>\n<li><code>behavioural<\/code>\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>psychologist<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003Psychologists have <strong>documented<\/strong> children lying <strong>as early as<\/strong> the age of two.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<strong>\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5<strong>\u65e9\u5728<\/strong>\u4e24\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u6492\u8c0e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>documented<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1b\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u8bc1\u660e(\u6216\u8bc1\u5b9e)<\/li>\n<li><code>as early as<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u65e9\u5728<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003Some experts even consider lying a developmental <strong>milestone<\/strong>, like crawling and walking, because it requires <strong>sophisticated<\/strong> planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else\u2019s <strong>perspective<\/strong> to <strong>manipulate<\/strong> them.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u957f\u7684<strong>\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u722c\u884c\u548c\u884c\u8d70\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981<strong>\u590d\u6742<\/strong>\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684<strong>\u89d2\u5ea6<\/strong>\u770b\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765<strong>\u64cd\u7eb5<\/strong>\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>milestone<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><code>sophisticated<\/code><\/strong> \uff1a\u89c1\u591a\u8bc6\u5e7f\u7684\uff1b\u8001\u7ec3\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684<\/strong> \uff1b\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u884c\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>perspective<\/code>\uff1a\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li><code>manipulate<\/code>\uff1a(\u6697\u4e2d)\u63a7\u5236\uff0c<strong>\u64cd\u7eb5<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003But, for most people, lying gets limited <strong>as<\/strong> we develop a sense of <strong>morality<\/strong> and the ability to self-<strong>regulate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>\u5f53<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u8d77<strong>\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong>\u611f\u548c\u81ea\u6211<strong>\u8c03\u8282<\/strong>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u8c0e\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>morality<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>regulate<\/code>\uff1a(\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u6761\u4f8b)<strong>\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u2003\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u63a7\u5236(\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u7b49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h5>Part 2<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003Harvard <strong>cognitive neuroscientist<\/strong> Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66<strong>\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong>Joshua Greene\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bf4\u8c0e\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>cognitive<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u611f\u77e5\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>neuroscientist<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003In studies, he gave <strong>subjects<\/strong> a chance to <strong>deceive<\/strong> for <strong>monetary<\/strong> gain while examining their brains in a <strong>functional<\/strong> MRI machine, which <strong>maps<\/strong> blood flow to active parts of the brain.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4e86<strong>\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u53f0<strong>\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927<\/strong>\u7684\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u673a\uff08MRI\uff09\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u6b3a\u9a97<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u8c0b\u53d6<strong>\u91d1\u94b1<\/strong>\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u5c06\u8840\u6db2\u6d41\u52a8<strong>\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\u5230\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>deceive<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6b3a\u9a97<\/strong>\uff1b\u8bef\u5bfc<\/li>\n<li><code>monetary<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u8d27\u5e01\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u94b1\u7684(\u5c24\u6307\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u878d)<\/li>\n<li><code>functional<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\uff1b(\u80fd)\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>maps<\/code>\uff1a\u5730\u56fe\uff1b\u7ed8\u5236\u2026\u7684\u5730\u56fe\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003Some people told the truth <strong>instantly<\/strong> and <strong>instinctively<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba<strong>\u7acb\u5373\u672c\u80fd<\/strong>\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>instantly<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u7acb\u5373<\/strong>\uff1b\u9a6c\u4e0a<\/li>\n<li><code>instinctively<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u672c\u80fd\u5730<\/strong>\uff0c\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003 But others <strong>opted<\/strong> to lie, and they showed increased activity in their <strong>frontal<\/strong> parietal (\u9885\u8154\u58c1\u7684 ) control network, which is <strong>involved<\/strong> in difficult or complex thinking.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba<strong>\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\u6492\u8c0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u989d\u53f6-\u9876\u53f6\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>opted<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff1b\u6311\u9009\u2003<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"> ( o p t \u7684 \u8fc7 \u53bb \u5206 \u8bcd \u548c \u8fc7 \u53bb \u5f0f ) _{(opt\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f)} <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7em; vertical-align: -0.3552em;\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3448em;\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.5198em; margin-right: 0.05em;\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em;\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mopen mtight\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathdefault mtight\">o<\/span><span class=\"mord mathdefault mtight\">p<\/span><span class=\"mord mathdefault mtight\">t<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u8fc7<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u5206<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u8bcd<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u548c<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u8fc7<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback mtight\">\u5f0f<\/span><span class=\"mclose mtight\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3552em;\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><code>frontal<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6b63\u9762\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>involved<\/code>\uff1a\u53c2\u4e0e\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff1b\u8017\u8d39\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5173\u6ce8\uff1b\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff1b\u5305\u542b\uff1b\u9700\u8981\uff1b<strong>\u7275\u6d89<\/strong>\uff1b\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty\u2014and <strong>ultimately<\/strong> opting for the latter.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u771f\u76f8\u548c\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ultimately<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6700\u7ec8<\/strong>\uff1b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5730\uff1b\u6839\u672c\u4e0a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003For a <strong>follow-up<\/strong> analysis, he found that people whose neural (\u795e\u7ecf\u7684) <strong>reward<\/strong> centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of <strong>liars<\/strong>\u2014suggesting that lying may <strong>have to do with<\/strong> the <strong>inability<\/strong> to <strong>resist temptation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5728<strong>\u540e\u7eed\u7684<\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8d62\u5f97\u91d1\u94b1\u65f6\u795e\u7ecf<strong>\u5956\u52b1<\/strong>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u66f4\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<strong>\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u8bf4\u8c0e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e<strong>\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u6297\u8bf1\u60d1<\/strong>\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>follow-up<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u540e\u7eed\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>reward<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5956\u52b1<\/strong> \uff1b \u56de\u62a5\uff1b \u62a5\u916c<\/li>\n<li><code>liars<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><code>have to do with<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u548c\u2026\u6709\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>inability<\/code>\uff1a\u65e0\u80fd\uff1b\u65e0\u529b\uff1b<strong>\u4e0d\u80fd<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>resist<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u62b5\u5236<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>temptation<\/code>\uff1a\u5f15\u8bf1\uff1b<strong>\u8bf1\u60d1<\/strong>\uff1b\u717d\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h5>Part 3<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003 <strong>External conditions<\/strong> also matter <strong>in terms of<\/strong> when and how often we lie.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6492\u8c0e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u9891\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>External<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5916\u90e8\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>conditions<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1b\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1b\u4f7f\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>in terms of<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5728\u2026\u65b9\u9762<\/strong>\uff1b\u4ece\u2026\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u2026\u6765\u8bf4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to <strong>rationalise<\/strong> it, when we are stressed and <strong>fatigued<\/strong> or see others being <strong>dishonest<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f<strong>\u5408\u7406\u5316<\/strong>\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u538b\u529b\u548c<strong>\u75b2\u52b3<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba<strong>\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6492\u8c0e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>rationalise<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5408\u7406\u5316<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>fatigued<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u52b3\u7d2f\uff1b<strong>\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ea4\u7601<\/strong>\uff0c\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u7aed<\/li>\n<li><code>dishonest<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003And we are less likely to lie when we have <strong>moral reminders<\/strong> or when we think others are watching.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6709<strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u63d0\u9192<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u5728\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6492\u8c0e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>moral<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u54c1\u884c\uff1b\u5bd3\u610f<\/li>\n<li><code>reminders<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/strong>\uff1b\u5f15\u8d77\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003\u201cWe as a <strong>society<\/strong> need to understand that, when we don\u2019t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,\u201d Ariely says.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a<strong>\u793e\u4f1a<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60e9\u7f5a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5b83\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u201d Ariely\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>society<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u793e\u4f1a<\/strong>\uff1b\u793e\u56e2\uff1b\u534f\u4f1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h5>Part 4<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003In a 2016 study published in the <strong>journal<\/strong> Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and <strong>colleagues<\/strong> showed how dishonesty <strong>alters<\/strong> people\u2019s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u57282016\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136-\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u300b<strong>\u6742\u5fd7<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cAriely\u548c\u4ed6\u7684<strong>\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec<\/strong>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u5982\u4f55<strong>\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c06\u6765\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>journal<\/code>\uff1a\u62a5\u7eb8\uff1b\u520a\u7269\uff0c<strong>\u6742\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1b\u65e5\u8bb0<\/li>\n<li><code>colleagues<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u540c\u4e8b<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>alters<\/code>\uff1a(\u4f7f)<strong>\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u6539\u52a8\uff1b\u4fee\u6539(\u8863\u670d\u4f7f\u66f4\u5408\u8eab)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003When people <strong>uttered<\/strong> a <strong>falsehood<\/strong>, the scientists noticed <strong>a burst of activity<\/strong> in their <strong>amygdala<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec<strong>\u8bf4\u5047\u8bdd<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684<strong>\u674f\u4ec1\u6838<\/strong>\u4e2d<strong>\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d3b\u52a8<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>uttered<\/code>\uff1a\u51fa\u58f0\uff1b<strong>\u8bf4<\/strong>\uff1b\u8bb2<\/li>\n<li><code>falsehood<\/code>\uff1a\u865a\u5047\uff1b\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff1b<strong>\u8c0e\u8a00<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>burst<\/code>\uff1a\u7a81\u53d1\uff1b\u8ff8\u53d1\uff1b\u7206\u88c2\uff1b\u88c2\u53e3\uff1b\u731b\u51b2\uff1b\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003The amygdala is a <strong>crucial<\/strong> part of the brain that produces fear, <strong>anxiety<\/strong> and <strong>emotional responses<\/strong>\u2014including that <strong>sinking<\/strong>, guilty feeling you get when you lie.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6050\u60e7\u3001<strong>\u7126\u8651<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf4\u8c0e\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u6cae\u4e27<\/strong>\u3001\u5185\u759a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>crucial<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>anxiety<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u7126\u8651<\/strong>\uff1b\u6e34\u671b<\/li>\n<li><code>emotional<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>sinking<\/code>\uff1a\u9893\u4e27\u7684\uff0c<strong>\u6cae\u4e27\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u4e0b\u6c89\uff1b\u4f7f\u6c89\u6ca1\uff1b\u5012\u4e0b\uff1b\u5750\u4e0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003But when scientists had their <strong>subjects<\/strong> play a game in which they won money by <strong>deceiving<\/strong> their <strong>partner<\/strong>, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to <strong>decrease<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684<strong>\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005<\/strong>\u73a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u6b3a\u9a97<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684<strong>\u4f34\u4fa3<\/strong>\u6765\u8d62\u94b1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6765\u81ea\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb<strong>\u51cf\u5c11<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>partner<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u914d\u5076<\/strong>\uff1b\u540c\u4f34\uff1b\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff1b(\u5728\u8df3\u821e\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u4e2d)\u7ed3\u6210\u4f19\u4f34<\/li>\n<li><code>decrease<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u51cf\u5c11<\/strong>\uff1b\u964d\u4f4e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003Not only that, but when people faced no <strong>consequences<\/strong> for dishonesty, their <strong>falsehoods<\/strong> tended to get even more <strong>sensational<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u5728\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u540e\u679c<\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684<strong>\u8c0e\u8a00<\/strong>\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0<strong>\u8038\u4eba\u542c\u95fb<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>consequences<\/code>\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b<strong>\u540e\u679c<\/strong>\uff1b\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n<li><code>sensational<\/code>\uff1a\u8f70\u52a8\u7684\uff1b\u5f15\u8d77\u54d7\u7136\u7684\uff1b\u54d7\u4f17\u53d6\u5ba0\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u8038\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u6781\u597d\u7684\uff1b\u7edd\u5999\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>\u2003\u2003This means that if you give people <strong>multiple<\/strong> opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger <strong>over time<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec<strong>\u5f88\u591a<\/strong>\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6492\u8c0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8c0e\u8a00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c<strong>\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c0e\u8a00\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>multiple<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6570\u91cf\u591a\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff1b\u500d\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code>over time<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb<\/strong>\uff1b\u8d85\u65f6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h5>Problem<\/h5>\n<hr>\n<ol>\n<li>Why do some <strong>experts<\/strong> consider lying a <strong>milestone<\/strong> in a child\u2019s development?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09It <strong>indicates<\/strong> they have an ability more <strong>remarkable<\/strong> than crawling and walking.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09It <strong>represents<\/strong> their ability to actively <strong>interact<\/strong> with people around them.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09It <strong>involves<\/strong> the <strong>coordination<\/strong> of both their mental and physical abilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b<strong>\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u53d1\u5c55\u7684<strong>\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/> \uff08A\uff09\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<br \/> \uff08B\uff09\u8fd9<strong>\u8868\u660e<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u722c\u884c\u548c\u884c\u8d70\u66f4<strong>\u663e\u8457<\/strong>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/> \uff08C\uff09\u5b83<strong>\u4ee3\u8868<\/strong>\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u4eba\u79ef\u6781<strong>\u4e92\u52a8<\/strong>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/> \uff08D\uff09\u5b83<strong>\u6d89\u53ca<\/strong>\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u7684<strong>\u534f\u8c03<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>indicates<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u8868\u660e<\/strong>\uff1b\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u6697\u793a;<\/li>\n<li><code>remarkable<\/code>\uff1a\u975e\u51e1\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u663e\u8457\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>represents<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u4ee3\u8868<\/strong>\uff1b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\uff1b\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1b\u7ef4\u62a4\u2026\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>interact<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6c9f\u901a<\/strong>\uff1b\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li><code>coordination<\/code>\uff1a\u534f\u4f5c\uff1b<strong>\u534f\u8c03<\/strong>\uff1b\u914d\u5408\uff1b\u534f\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Why does the Harvard <strong>neuroscientist<\/strong> say that lying takes work?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09It is hard to choose from several options.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09It is difficult to sound <strong>natural<\/strong> or <strong>plausible<\/strong>.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09It requires speedy blood flow into one\u2019s brain.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09It <strong>involves<\/strong> lots of <strong>sophisticated<\/strong> mental activity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684<strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong>\u8bf4\u8bf4\u8c0e\u9700\u8981\u52aa\u529b\uff1f<br \/> \uff08A\uff09\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u51e0\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002<br \/> \uff08B\uff09\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u96be<strong>\u81ea\u7136<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<br \/> \uff08C\uff09\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8840\u6db2\u8fc5\u901f\u6d41\u5165\u5927\u8111\u3002<br \/> \uff08D\uff09\u5b83<strong>\u6d89\u53ca<\/strong>\u8bb8\u591a<strong>\u590d\u6742<\/strong>\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>natural<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u81ea\u7136\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u672c\u80fd\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u64c5\u957f\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba<\/li>\n<li><code>plausible<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff1b\u82b1\u8a00\u5de7\u8bed\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Under what <strong>circumstances<\/strong> do people <strong>tend to<\/strong> lie?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09When they become too <strong>emotional<\/strong>.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09When they face too much <strong>peer<\/strong> pressure.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09When the temptation is too strong.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09When the <strong>consequences<\/strong> are not <strong>imminent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48<strong>\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\u4e0b\u4eba\u4eec<strong>\u5bb9\u6613<\/strong>\u6492\u8c0e\uff1f<br \/> \uff08A\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e<strong>\u60c5\u7eea\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<br \/> \uff08B\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u592a\u591a\u7684<strong>\u540c\u4f34<\/strong>\u538b\u529b\u65f6\u3002<br \/> \uff08C\uff09 \u5f53\u8bf1\u60d1\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<br \/> \uff08D\uff09 \u5f53<strong>\u540e\u679c<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f<strong>\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>circumstances<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5883\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1b\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u547d\u8fd0\uff1b\u5ba2\u89c2\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<li><code>tend to<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/strong> \uff1b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code>peer<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u540c\u9f84\u4eba<\/strong>\uff1b\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b<\/li>\n<li><code>imminent<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u4e34\u8fd1\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>When are people less likely to lie?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09When they are <strong>worn out<\/strong> and stressed.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09When they are under <strong>watchful<\/strong> eyes.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09When they think in a <strong>rational<\/strong> way.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09When they have a clear <strong>conscience<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6492\u8c0e\uff1f<br \/> \uff08A\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec<strong>\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a<\/strong>\uff0c\u538b\u529b\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\u3002<br \/> \uff08B\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u76d1\u89c6\u4e0b\u3002<br \/> \uff08C\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5<strong>\u7406\u6027<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u3002<br \/> \uff08D\uff09 \u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u95ee\u5fc3\u65e0\u6127\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>worn out<\/code>\uff1a\u7834\u70c2\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code>watchful<\/code>\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff1b\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\uff1b\u63d0\u9632\u7684<\/li>\n<li><code>rational<\/code>\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1b<strong>\u7406\u6027\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u660e\u667a\u7684\uff1b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/li>\n<li><code>conscience<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u826f\u5fc3<\/strong>\uff1b\u826f\u77e5\uff1b\u5185\u759a\uff1b\u6127\u759a\uff1b\u51ed\u826f\u5fc3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?<br \/> \uff08A\uff09They may feel <strong>justified<\/strong>.<br \/> \uff08B\uff09They will tell bigger lies.<br \/> \uff08C\uff09They will become <strong>complacent<\/strong>.<br \/> \uff08D\uff09They may mix lies and truths.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/> \uff08A\uff09 \u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97<strong>\u6709\u9053\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<br \/> \uff08B\uff09 \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6492\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8c0e\u3002<br \/> \uff08C\uff09 \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97<strong>\u81ea\u6ee1<\/strong>\u3002<br \/> \uff08D\uff09 \u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6df7\u6dc6\u8c0e\u8a00\u548c\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><code>justified<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u8bc1\u660e\u2026\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\u5bf9\u2026\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca<\/li>\n<li><code>complacent<\/code>\uff1a<strong>\u81ea\u6ee1\u7684<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h4>\u7b54\u6848<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9898\u53f7<\/th>\n<th>1<\/th>\n<th>2<\/th>\n<th>3<\/th>\n<th>4<\/th>\n<th>5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u7b54\u6848<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u7b54\u6848\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282\u8fa8\u8ba4\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53e5\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6492\u8c0e\u89c6\u4e3a\u5982\u540c\u722c\u548c\u8d70\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6492\u8c0e\u8005\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c(A)\u662f\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53e5\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8f6c\u8ff0\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u7406\u5224\u65ad\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53e5\u63d0\u5230\u4e86lying takes work\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u7b2c\u56db\u53e5\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u91ca\u5230\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6492\u8c0e\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u989d\u9876\u53f6\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u56f0\u96be\u6216\u590d\u6742\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6492\u8c0e\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a(D)\u201c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282\u8fa8\u8ba4\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6bb5\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u53e5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u8bf4\u8c0e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8c0e\u8a00\u5408\u7406\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u611f\u5230\u538b\u529b\u548c\u75b2\u52b3\u6216\u8005\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u9009\u9879(B)\u201c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u592a\u591a\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u7684\u538b\u529b\u65f6\u201d\u7b26\u5408when we are stressed\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282\u8fa8\u8ba4\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53e5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u8b66\u793a\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u770b\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c(B)\u201c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u6ce8\u89c6\u65f6\u201d\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282\u8fa8\u8ba4\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u672b\u53e5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6492\u8c0e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e88\u60e9\u6212\uff0c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53e5\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u5176\u6b3a\u9a97\u884c\u4e3a\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8038\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c(B)\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6492\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8c0e\u201d\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u516d\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb_\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7\u6587\u7ae0\u9605\u8bfb2019\u5e7412\u6708\u771f\u9898\u539f\u6587\u201cThedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon\u2019tunderstandhowtheactchange...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5121\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}