{"id":5348,"date":"2024-09-18T21:01:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T13:01:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-09-18T21:01:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T13:01:01","slug":"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/5348.html","title":{"rendered":"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n

        1.1 python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/p>\n

        1.2 \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

        1.2.1 wget<\/p>\n

        1.2.2 curl<\/p>\n

        1.2.3 \u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

        2.1 id<\/p>\n

        2.2 cat \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n

        2.2.1 grep<\/p>\n

        2.3 \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

        2.3.1\u3010\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3011<\/p>\n

        2.3.2\u3010\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5728\/home\u3011<\/p>\n

        2.3.3 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

        2.3.4 \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u3011\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

        3.1 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

        3.2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

        3.3 \u811a\u672c\u7ec3\u4e60<\/p>\n

        3.3.1 if\u548c$?<\/p>\n

        3.2.1 shell\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

        3.3 \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

        3.3.1 &><\/p>\n

        3.3.2 Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6<\/p>\n

        3.3.3 \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n

        3.3.4 \u7ec8\u7aef\uff08w\uff09<\/p>\n

        3.3.5 \u5229\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef<\/p>\n

        3.3.6 ulimit \u67e5\u770bLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7ec3\u4e60\uff08\u8865\u5145\uff1akill\uff09<\/p>\n

         4.1 kill\uff1a\u8e22\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

        4.2 ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u3010\u4f7f\u7528\u3011\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

        5.1 \u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 ><\/p>\n

        5.2 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 >><\/p>\n

        5.2.1 \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

        5.2.2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

        5.3 \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 2><\/p>\n

        5.4 \u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u75281>\u548c2><\/p>\n

        5.5 \u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n

        5.6 \u6b63\u786e\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

        5.7 \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n

        5.8 here document\uff08\u5373<\/p>\n

        5.8.1 \u5c06\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc<\/p>\n

        5.8.2 \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

        5.9 tee<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

        6.1 \/dev\/null<\/p>\n

        6.2 \/dev\/zero<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001read\u9690\u85cf\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00<\/h2>\n

c\u8bed\u8a00--\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b<\/strong><\/span>\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ddf\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5982\u679cc\u8bed\u8a00\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

python--\u89e3\u91ca\u578b<\/strong><\/span>\uff1a\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6839\u636e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n

\u3010c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8981\u6bd4python\u5feb\u3011<\/p>\n

        1.1 python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/h3>\n

pypy\u3001Cpython\uff08\u7528c\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u7684\uff09\u3001Ipython\u3001Jpython\u3001Ironpython<\/p>\n

        1.2 \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

        1.2.1 wget<\/h4>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u88c5wget\u3011yum install wget -y<\/p>\n

        wget\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eLinux\u91cc\u7684\u8fc5\u96f7\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f7f\u7528\u3011wget + \u94fe\u63a5\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

        1.2.2 curl<\/h4>\n

        curl\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f7f\u7528\u3011curl -O +\u94fe\u63a5\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

        1.2.3 \u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n

wget<\/strong>\uff1a\u7eaf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n

curl<\/strong>\uff1aLinux\u91cc\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u6709\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/h2>\n

        2.1 id<\/h3>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[root@localhost sanchuang]# id lihua321 uid=1012(lihua321) gid=1012(lihua321) \u7ec4=1012(lihua321) \/ [root@localhost sanchuang]# id li id: li: no such user ==\u300b\u8bf4\u660e\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/code><\/pre>\n
        2.2 cat \/etc\/passwd<\/h3>\n
\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# cat \/etc\/passwd | grep lihua ==\u300b\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237lihua\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff09 lihua:x:1008:1008::\/home\/lihua:\/bin\/bash lihua321:x:1012:1012::\/home\/lihua321:\/bin\/bash [root@localhost sanchuang]# echo $? 0 [root@localhost sanchuang]# cat \/etc\/passwd | grep jinzh [root@localhost sanchuang]# echo $? 1 <\/code><\/pre>\n
        2.2.1 grep<\/h4>\n
\u6587\u672c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u884c\u91cc\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u6574\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
        2.3 \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n
        2.3.1\u3010\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3011<\/h4>\n
useradd -r hanmeimei<\/span><\/p>\n
-r <\/strong>\u65b0\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
        2.3.2\u3010\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5728\/home\u3011<\/h4>\n
useradd -d \/beijin xiaolihua<\/span><\/p>\n
\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237xiaolihua\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u5728\/beijin<\/p>\n
-d<\/strong> \u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u653e\u5728\/home\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n
        2.3.3 \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n
userdel -r xiaolihua<\/span><\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237xiaolihua\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
        2.3.4 \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n
su - lihua<\/span><\/p>\n
- <\/strong>\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u3011\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h2>\n
\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6539\u53d8\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5f80\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u540e\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/p>\n
        3.1 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff08STDIN\uff09<\/strong>\uff1astandard input ==\u300b\u63a5\u53d7\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n
\u7ed9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08STDOUT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1astandard output ==\u300b\u90fd\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55<\/p>\n
        \u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
        1.\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
        2.\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5185\u6838\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff09<\/p>\n
        3.2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/h3>\n
echo <\/span> \u662f\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
| <\/strong>\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\uff1a\u662f\u5c06\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u9001\u7ed9\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n
--stdin<\/strong> \u662fpasswd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1a\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u544a\u8bc9passwd \u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n
\u3010\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u3011<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# useradd shijunhao ==\u300b\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237shijunhao [root@localhost sanchuang]# echo |passwd shijunhao --stdin ==\u300b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237shijunhao\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 shijunhao \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002 passwd\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3010\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u3011<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# passwd shijunhao \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 shijunhao \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002 \u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801\uff1a \u65e0\u6548\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a \u5bc6\u7801\u5c11\u4e8e 8 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 \u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801\uff1a passwd\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff08\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff09<\/p>\n
        3.3 \u811a\u672c\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n
\u9898\u76ee\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08v2\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u65b0\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528shell\u6216\u8005python<\/p>\n
        3.3.1 if\u548c$?<\/h4>\n
1.\u3010if\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
if \u547d\u4ee4 then \u547d\u4ee41 ==>\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u6267\u884c else \u547d\u4ee42 ==>\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u6267\u884c fi<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.echo $?<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u975e0\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u975e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a1\uff0c2\uff0c127<\/p>\n
                                127 <\/strong><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n
                                1 <\/strong><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u9009\u9879\u4e0d\u5bf9<\/p>\n
                                2<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u4e0d\u5bf9<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# echo $? 0 [root@localhost sanchuang]# id jinzhi id: jinzhi: no such user [root@localhost sanchuang]# echo $? 1 <\/code><\/pre>\n
        3.2.1 shell\u5b8c\u6210<\/h4>\n
\u3010\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u3011<\/p>\n
        \u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff1aread<\/p>\n
        \u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff1auseradd<\/p>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1apasswd<\/p>\n
        \u811a\u672c\u540d\u5b57\uff1acreate_user_pwd.sh<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# vim create_user_pwd.sh [root@localhost sanchuang]# cat create_user_pwd.sh #!\/bin\/bash #\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165 read -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\" u_name read -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\" u_pwd #\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 useradd $u_name echo $u_pwd | passwd $u_name --stdin [root@localhost sanchuang]# bash create_user_pwd.sh \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1alihua321 \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 lihua321 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002 passwd\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 [root@localhost sanchuang]# id lihua321 uid=1012(lihua321) gid=1012(lihua321) \u7ec4=1012(lihua321) \/ [root@localhost sanchuang]# id li id: li: no such user <\/code><\/pre>\n
\ud83d\udc4dshell\u811a\u672c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u67d0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udc4dpython\u811a\u672c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u67d0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# bash create_user_pwd.sh \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1alihua321 \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a12345 useradd\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u201clihua321\u201d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728 \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 lihua321 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002 passwd\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3010v2\u7248\u672c\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
[root@localhost sanchuang]# cat create_user_pwd.sh #!\/bin\/bash #\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165 read -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\" u_name #\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 #if\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7ed9\u4e88\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u65b0\u5efa\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 if id $u_name &>\/dev\/null then echo \"\u7528\u6237 $u_name \u5b58\u5728\" else useradd $u_name echo $u_pwd | passwd $u_name --stdin read -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\" u_pwd fi <\/code><\/pre>\n
        3.3 \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n
        3.3.1 &><\/h4>\n
&>\/dev\/null<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u90fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\/dev\/null\/<\/p>\n
\/dev\/null\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
        3.3.2 Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h4>\n
\/proc<\/strong><\/span> \u5b58\u653eLinux\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5916\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\/proc\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002processes<\/p>\n
        \/proc\u91cc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u505c\u7535\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u91cc\u9762\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
        cpuinfo =\u300bcpu\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f information<\/p>\n
        meminfo ==\u300b \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
\u5185\u6838 kernel<\/strong><\/span>\uff1aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \n
    1. \u5bf9cpu\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n
    2. \u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d<\/li>\n
    3. \u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n
    4. \u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n
    5. \u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      echo $$<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
              \u5f53\u524dshell\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff1a\u5f53\u524dxshell\u91cc\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684pid\u53f7\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff09<\/p>\n
              3.3.3 \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907<\/h4>\n
      \"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost sanchuang]# ll \/dev\/std* lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 3\u6708 20 14:51 \/dev\/stderr -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 3\u6708 20 14:51 \/dev\/stdin -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 3\u6708 20 14:51 \/dev\/stdout -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/1 <\/code><\/pre>\n
              3.3.4 \u7ec8\u7aef\uff08w\uff09<\/h4>\n
      Linux\u91cc\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6 =\u300b\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5c4f\u5e55\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94<\/p>\n
       [root@localhost fd]# ll \/dev\/stdin lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 3\u6708 20 14:51 \/dev\/stdin -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/0 [root@localhost fd]# ll \/proc\/self\/fd \u603b\u7528\u91cf 0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 23 10:31 0 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 23 10:31 1 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 23 10:31 2 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lr-x------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 23 10:31 3 -> \/proc\/21604\/fd <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \/dev\/stdin \uff08\u94fe\u63a5)==> \/proc\/self\/fd\/0 \uff08\u94fe\u63a5)==> \/dev\/pts\/0<\/p>\n
      \/dev\/pts\/0<\/strong> \u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n
      w <\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dLinux\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost ~]# w 12:48:53 up 1 min, 2 users, load average: 0.22, 0.10, 0.04 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root tty1 12:48 45.00s 0.01s 0.01s -bash root pts\/0 192.168.255.1 12:48 5.00s 0.01s 0.00s w <\/code><\/pre>\n
      12:48:53<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
      up 1 min<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
      2 users<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n
      TTY<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u7ec8\u7aef\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n
              tty1<\/strong><\/span> ==\u300b\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002--\u6b63\u5f0f\u5458\u5de5---\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef<\/p>\n
                      Linux\u91cc\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb86\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\uff08tty1~tty6)<\/p>\n
                      \u3010\u5f00\u542ftty\u7ec8\u7aef\u3011ALT+F2<\/strong><\/span>\uff08F3\u3001F4\u3001F5\u3001F6\uff09 ==> tty2(tty3\u3001tty4\u3001tty5\u3001tty6)\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5361\u4f4f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n
              pts\/0 <\/span><\/strong>==\u300b\/dev\/pts\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c0\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
                      pts\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4eff\u7ec8\u7aef---\u6a21\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef---\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\uff08\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\uff09<\/p>\n
                      \u3010\u5f00\u542f\u3011\u590d\u5236\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\uff08pts\/1\u3001pts\/2\u2026\u2026\uff09<\/p>\n
      WHAT <\/strong><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
      FROM<\/strong><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u6765\u7684<\/p>\n
              192.168.255.1 <\/span>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2aip\u5730\u5740\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u6765\u7684<\/p>\n
              - <\/span>\u8868\u793a\u672c\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n
              3.3.5 \u5229\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef<\/h4>\n
      \u5f80\/dev\/pts\/1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\/dev\/pts\/1\u8fd9\u4e2abash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost pts]# echo \"hello,lihua\" >\/dev\/pts\/1 <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/p>\n
      \"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/p>\n
      wall \u5e7f\u64ad\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\uff08root\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost pts]# wall hello<\/code><\/pre>\n
      3.3.6 fd\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff09<\/p>\n
              file descriptor<\/p>\n
      \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/strong><\/span>\uff1aLinux\u5185\u6838\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u91cc\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f8\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u3010\u8be6\u60c5\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 - \u7b80\u4e66\u3011<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost proc]# echo $$ 7963 [root@localhost proc]# cd 7963 [root@localhost 7963]# ls attr cwd map_files oom_adj schedstat task autogroup environ maps oom_score sessionid timers auxv exe mem oom_score_adj setgroups uid_map cgroup fd mountinfo pagemap smaps wchan clear_refs fdinfo mounts patch_state stack cmdline gid_map mountstats personality stat comm io net projid_map statm coredump_filter limits ns root status cpuset loginuid numa_maps sched syscall [root@localhost 7963]# cd fd [root@localhost fd]# ls 0 1 2 255 [root@localhost fd]# ll \u603b\u7528\u91cf 0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 21 18:14 0 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 21 18:14 1 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 21 18:14 2 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 lrwx------. 1 root root 64 3\u6708 21 23:12 255 -> \/dev\/pts\/0 <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5185\u6838\uff08kernel\uff09\u5229\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08file descriptor\uff09\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
              0 ==\u300b\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 ==\u300b \/dev\/pts\/0<\/p>\n
              1 ==\u300b\u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa ==\u300b \/dev\/pts\/0<\/p>\n
              2 ==\u300b\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa ==\u300b \/dev\/pts\/0<\/p>\n
      \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u67090 1 2 \u8fd93\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3010\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u3011<\/p>\n
      Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u6253\u5f001024\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
      \u6240\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1a0~1023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
              3.3.6 ulimit \u67e5\u770bLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
       [root@localhost pts]# ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 7183 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 ==\u300b\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236 <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u3010\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u3011<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost pts]# ulimit -n  [root@localhost pts]# ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 7183 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n)  [root@localhost pts]# ulimit -n  <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u7ec3\u4e60\uff08\u8865\u5145\uff1akill\uff09<\/h2>\n
      \"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/p>\n
      # 1 alt + F1~F6 # 2 ulimit -n  # 3 w<\/code><\/pre>\n
               4.1 kill\uff1a\u8e22\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
      sshd\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55Linux\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n
      \u5254\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
      \u5229\u7528w<\/strong><\/span>\u67e5\u770b\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u6765\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540ekill\u8fd9\u4e2abash\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
      ps aux | grep pts\/1 <\/span><\/strong>==\u300b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost pts]# ps aux | grep pts\/1 root 3090 0.0 0.3  6120 ? Ss 13:46 0:00 sshd: root@pts\/1 root 3098 0.0 0.1  2076 pts\/1 Ss+ 13:46 0:00 -bash root 14343 0.0 0.0  980 pts\/0 S+ 21:01 0:00 grep --color=auto pts\/1 [root@localhost pts]# kill -9 3098 [root@localhost pts]# w 21:05:31 up 8:17, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root tty1 12:48 7:29m 0.05s 0.05s -bash root pts\/0 192.168.255.1 12:48 3.00s 0.06s 0.01s w <\/code><\/pre>\n
      kill<\/strong><\/span> \u662fLinux\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
      -9 <\/strong><\/span>\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9Linux\u5185\u6838\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
      \u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong><\/span> \u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
      # \u67e5\u770bLinux\u91cc\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u95ee\u9898 [root@localhost pts]# kill -l <\/code><\/pre>\n
      9) SIGKILL signal kill<\/strong> \u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
      15) SIGTERM signal terminate <\/strong>\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81ea\u5df1\u6740\u6b7b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n
      \uff08\u4e0d\u63a5-9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f-15\uff09<\/p>\n
              4.2 ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55<\/h3>\n
      ssh \u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
      ssh IP\u5730\u5740 ==\u300bLinux\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5668\u91cc<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4e94\u3001\u3010\u4f7f\u7528\u3011\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h2>\n
              5.1 \u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 ><\/h3>\n
      \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u8986\u76d6<\/strong>\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
      > \u548c 1> \u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684<\/p>\n
       [root@localhost lianxi]# echo 1342 > 1.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt 1342 [root@localhost lianxi]# echo dsfho 1> 1.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt dsfho <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41<\/p>\n
      \u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u5f80\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a<\/p>\n
              5.2 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 >><\/h3>\n
      \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt dsfho [root@localhost lianxi]# ls >> 1.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt dsfho 1.txt backup_pwd_boot_log.sh backup_pwd.sh create_dir_v2.sh messages mkdir_file.sh passwd python-test sanchuang student.txt <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
              5.2.1 \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
              \u3010\u793a\u4f8b\u3011\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528cp\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06lihua.txt\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230lihong.txt\u91cc<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihua.txt lihua [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihua.txt > lihong.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihong.txt lihua <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.2.2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihua.txt lihua [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihong.txt lihong [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihua.txt lihong.txt > huahong.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat huahong.txt lihua lihong <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.3 \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 2><\/h3>\n
      2><\/strong> \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u8986\u76d6<\/strong>\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
      2>> <\/strong>\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# sakdfhsai -bash: sakdfhsai: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 [root@localhost lianxi]# sakdfhsai 2>2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt -bash: sakdfhsai: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 [root@localhost lianxi]# kkkkkkkk -bash: kkkkkkkk: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 [root@localhost lianxi]# kkkkkkkk 2>>2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt -bash: sakdfhsai: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 -bash: kkkkkkkk: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u53ea\u4f1a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u75282>\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt -bash: sakdfhsai: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 -bash: kkkkkkkk: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 [root@localhost lianxi]# echo 132 2> 2.txt 132 [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.4 \u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u75281>\u548c2><\/h3>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# echo 1234 1>1.txt 2>2.txt ==\u300b\u5206\u6d41\uff1a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u52301.txt\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u52302.txt(\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a) [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt 1234 [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# echo1234 1>1.txt 2>2.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 1.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat 2.txt -bash: echo1234: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.5 \u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664<\/h3>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat huahong.txt lihua lihong [root@localhost lianxi]# >huahong.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# cat huahong.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.6 \u6b63\u786e\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n
      &><\/strong> \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u90fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u8986\u76d6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
      &>> <\/strong>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u90fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u65b0\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n
      echo feng >feng.txt 2>&1<\/strong><\/span> <==> echo feng &>feng.txt<\/span><\/strong> \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u4ef7<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat feng.txt [root@localhost lianxi]# echo feng >feng.txt 2>&1 [root@localhost lianxi]# cat feng.txt feng <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.7 \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n
      \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5bfc\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# wc \/etc\/passwd 33 43 1487 \/etc\/passwd [root@localhost lianxi]# wc < \/etc\/passwd 33 43 1487 [root@localhost lianxi]# cat > feng.txt << EOF > FENGZHENGTING > FANMINGYOU > EOF ==>\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.8 here document\uff08\u5373<\/h3>\n
      \u6587\u6863\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n
              5.8.1 \u5c06\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc<\/h4>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat >abc.txt <<EOF \u63a5\u53d7\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230abc.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u9047\u5230EOF\u505c\u6b62\u8f93\u5165 > FENG > FAN > linux > end > eof > EOF [root@localhost lianxi]# cat abc.txt FENG FAN linux end eof <\/code><\/pre>\n
      EOF<\/strong> \u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7 end of file \u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528EOF\u6216end\uff09<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cat >lihua.txt <<end > lihua > linux > EOF > END > end [root@localhost lianxi]# cat lihua.txt lihua linux EOF END <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.8.2 \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
      \u7528\u4e8e\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost lianxi]# cd 0323 [root@localhost 0323]# ls [root@localhost 0323]# vim li_feng_fan.sh [root@localhost 0323]# cat li_feng_fan.sh #!\/bin\/bash #lihua cat >> \/root\/lianxi\/0323\/li_feng_fan.txt <<EOF lihua changsha fengxiaojie xiangtan fanxiansheng chengzhou EOF echo \"#########################\" cat \/root\/lianxi\/0323\/li_feng_fan.txt echo \"#########################\" [root@localhost 0323]# bash li_feng_fan.sh ######################### lihua changsha fengxiaojie xiangtan fanxiansheng chengzhou ######################### [root@localhost 0323]# ls li_feng_fan.sh li_feng_fan.txt <\/code><\/pre>\n
              5.9 tee<\/h3>\n
      \u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost 0324]# echo lihua | tee lihua.txt lihua [root@localhost 0324]# cat lihua.txt lihua <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u516d\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
              6.1 \/dev\/null<\/h3>\n
      \/dev\/null<\/strong> \u9ed1\u6d1e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u846b\u82a6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost ~]# du -sh \/ du: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\"\/proc\/18232\/task\/18232\/fd\/4\": \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55 du: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\"\/proc\/18232\/task\/18232\/fdinfo\/4\": \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55 du: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\"\/proc\/18232\/fd\/3\": \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55 du: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\"\/proc\/18232\/fdinfo\/3\": \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55 2.0G \/ [root@localhost ~]# du -sh \/ 2>\/dev\/null 2.0G \/ <\/code><\/pre>\n
              6.2 \/dev\/zero<\/h3>\n
      \u96f6\u4ea7\u751f\u5668\uff1a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u58060\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
      dd <\/strong><\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
      if<\/strong><\/span> \u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 input file<\/p>\n
      of <\/strong><\/span>\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6 output file<\/p>\n
      bs<\/strong><\/span> \u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n
      count<\/strong><\/span> \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n
      \u3010dd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u3011<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost ~]# dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/root\/lianxi\/test.dd bs=1M count=100 \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86100+0 \u7684\u8bfb\u5165 \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86100+0 \u7684\u5199\u51fa \u5b57\u8282(105 MB)\u5df2\u590d\u5236\uff0c0.0 \u79d2\uff0c3.3 GB\/\u79d2 [root@localhost lianxi]# du -sh test.dd 100M test.dd <\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4e03\u3001read\u9690\u85cf\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/h2>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528 -s<\/strong><\/span> \u9009\u9879<\/p>\n
      \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728-p \u548c\u63d0\u793a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u4f1a\u6253\u65ad-p\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n
      [root@localhost 0324]# vim create_user.sh [root@localhost 0324]# bash create_user.sh \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1alihua \u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a create user ok username is lihua and passwd is  [root@localhost 0324]# cat create_user.sh #!\/bin\/bash # \u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801 read -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\" u_name read -s -p \"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\" u_pwd echo # \u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237 useradd $u_name &> \/dev\/null # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 echo $u_pwd | passwd $u_name --stdin &> \/dev\/null echo \"create user ok\" echo \"username is $u_name and passwd is $u_pwd\" <\/code><\/pre><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d_linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a001.1python\u89e3\u91ca\u56681.2\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef61.2.1wget1.2.2curl1.2.3...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5348"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}