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2020\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5730\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u51fa\u9634\u973e\u3002\u6297\u75ab\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u65e5\u4ee5\u7ee7\u591c\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u591a\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u8bf4\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u95ee\u4e16\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1 \u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u9ed8\u00b7\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aSir Ronald Aylmer Fisher\uff0c1890\uff0d1962\uff0c\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u5c14\u5fb7\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u51e0\u4e4e\u72ec\u81ea\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u7edf\u8ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u624d\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u3001F\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n 2 \u8019\u7caa\u5806<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u6709\u7740\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281912\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u65a9\u83b7\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7267\u4eba\u201d\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u96be\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u548c\u4e66\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u7267\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8363\u81ba\u3002\u548c\u9ece\u66fc\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u8bba\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7531\u745e\u5178\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u62c9\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u6885\u5c14\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\u3001\u8865\u5145\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5145\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7edf\u8ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n 1919\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u65af\u5f97\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ad9\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ad9\u5386\u5e74\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u85cf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d8\u5bc6\uff08\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u7f57\u68ee\u65af\u5f97\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ad9\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u770b\u5728\u4e00\u5e741000\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u4efd\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u8001\u5a46\u548c\u5c0f\u59e8\u5b50\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f26\u6566\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8e6c\u4e0a\u9774\u5b50\uff0c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u519c\u7530\uff0c\u53d6\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u5e93\u623f\u4e2d\u3001\u5806\u79ef\u5982\u5c71\u7684\u3001\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e8690\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8019\u7caa\u5806\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n 3 \u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7f57\u68ee\u65af\u5f97\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ad9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u65bd\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u519c\u7530\u4e2d\u79cd\u4e0a\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u65bd\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u519c\u7530\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6392\u65bd\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63d2\u4e0a\u724c\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u7136\u540e\u5728\u6536\u83b7\u540e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n 3.1 \u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4ea7\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u4ea7\u91cf\u591a\u4e86\u5c31\u8bf4\u8be5\u7ec4\u65bd\u7528\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n \uff081\uff09\u6982\u7387\u3002\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u670d\u4ece\u67d0\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6839\u636e\u8be5\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ea7\u91cf\u5728\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u4ea7\u91cf\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u8bf4\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6548\u679c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u865a\u7ebf\u753b\u51fa\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u800c\u4ea7\u91cf\u5728\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u4ea7\u91cf\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\u660e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bf4\u660e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n \uff082\uff09\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u5982\u679c\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u589e\u6709\u51cf\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u4e2d\u91c7\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u4e94\u682a\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u682a\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e94\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002\u7b97\u51fa\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4ea7\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e94\u4e2a\u70b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u589e\u6709\u51cf\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5728\u7684\u56db\u5468\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u91cd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u4ea7\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u690d\u682a\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u56f4\u7ed5\u5728\u7684\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\u660e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7ec4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u589e\u4ea7\uff08\u6216\u51cf\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6548\u679c\uff08\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u3001\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 3.2 \u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7efc\u5408\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u5747\u503c\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u6709\u6548\u679c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u4ece\u62bd\u6837\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n 4 \u5b9e\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e0b\u9762\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u5b9e\u6218\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u3001\u3001\u4e09\u7ec4\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u65bd\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80a5\u6599\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5404\u9009\u4e94\u682a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u682a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u8868\u683c\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u8bb2\u89e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u8f83\u771f\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n \u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u7ec4\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5747\u503c\u8fdc\u79bb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d27\u5bc6\u56f4\u7ed5\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u6574\u4f53\u90fd\u589e\u4ea7\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n 4.1 \u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee<\/strong><\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5426\u6709\u67d0\u7ec4\uff08\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5747\u503c\u8fdc\u79bb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6240\u6709\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5747\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff08\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f15\u682a\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u5747\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5747\u503c\u4e0e\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u7d2f\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e0b\u6559\u6750\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n 4.2 \u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u591a\u4e86\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5176\u4e2d\u3001\u3001\u662f\u5404\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u682a\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u53d8\u6362\u8d8a\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 4.3 \u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u6784\u9020<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u63a5\u7740\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u201c\u6982\u7387\u201d\u548c\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u5bf9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u3001\u3001\u4e09\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u3001\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u89e3\u8bfb\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u5927\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u5c0f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ec4\u5185\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u884c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u7ec4\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e24\u7ec4\u3001\u67d0\u4e09\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u9020\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u4e00\u822c\u5927\uff0c\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5927\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\uff0c\u7ec4\u95f4\u65b9\u5dee\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u7ec4\u5185\u65b9\u5dee\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u53ef\u89c1\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e09\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u90a3\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u5927\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u8bf4\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981F\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\uff08F\u5c31\u662fFisher\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\u5206\u5e03\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 4.4 F\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u603b\u4f53\u548c\u6837\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff09\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u662f\u670d\u4eceF\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u843d\u5165F\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u57df\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u8bf4\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u81f3\u6b64\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5747\u503c\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u5f97\u503c\u843d\u5165F\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u57df\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 5 t\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e4b\u524d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7t\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0ct\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u4e09\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ece\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5230\u662f\u54ea\u7ec4\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u522b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u4e24\u4e24\u8fdb\u884ct\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n 6 \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e<\/strong><\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u7ec6\u8282\u6ca1\u6709\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u548c\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n 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