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A survey of index structure in big data era. Big Data Research[J], 2019, 5(3): 3-15<\/p>\n<p class=\"p\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/968f1353f9b05362c30a523205d06354.png\" =\"\u91d1\u5c5e\u8d28\u611f\u5206\u5272\u7ebf\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c1\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c1\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u636e\u516c\u53f8\uff08International Data Corporation\uff0cIDC\uff09\u57282018\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u7684\u901f\u7387\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c2019\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ea6\u4e3a40 ZB\uff0c\u52302025\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f175 ZB\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u5835\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u9632\u6cbb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u4e5f\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6570\u636e\u7206\u70b8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0cNetflix\u516c\u53f82018\u5e74\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u5929\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe\u523012 PB\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u6d41\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/6cd95866782e57f32314ef5e095f7dcd.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c3\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c3\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u6bcf\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u7d22\u5f15\u5747\u4f7f\u7528B+tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6761\u76ee\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1bMicrosoft\u516c\u53f8\u7684SQLServer\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06Hash\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57282017\u5e74\u7684\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u201c\u5929\u732b\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u79d2\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u6b21\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8be5\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7f16\u7a0b\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8eCPU\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u7684\u65b0\u786c\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u5408\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2 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Digital\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c2018\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8d85\u8fc740\u4ebf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ece\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5728\u7ebf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u7ed9\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u6027\u662f\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u6d3b\u9501\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u53cd\u8f6c\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9501\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u5bcc\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u800c\u8a00\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6237\uff08\u7f16\u7a0b\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\uff09\u6613\u7528\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 \u5404\u7c7b\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u9650\u5236\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u5982\u786c\u4ef6\u4e8b\u52a1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\uff08hardware transactional memory\uff0cHTM\uff09\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08remote direct memory access\uff0cRDMA\uff09\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08graphics processing unit\uff0cGPU\uff09\u548c\u73b0\u573a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u95e8\u9635\u5217\uff08field-programmable gate array\uff0c FPGA\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5145\u5206\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u5728GPU\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0eCPU\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbf\u5b58\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5206\u6b67\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6548\u679c\u3002\u518d\u5982HTM\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u582a\u6bd4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u9501\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u786c\u4ef6\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9501\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684RTM 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TM\uff09\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0cTM\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6301I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u8026\u5408\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u679c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 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analytical processing\uff0cOLAP\uff09\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3 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\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u662f\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u65e9\u57281977\u5e74Bayer\u7b49\u4eba\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9B-tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u53c8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u9996\u5148\u8981\u9501\u5b9a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u91ca\u653e\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5ea6\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u884c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u524dBlink-tree\u548cMasstree\u662f\u8f83\u7ecf\u5178\u4e14\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5404\u7c7b\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8f83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u56fe2\u4e3aBlink-tree\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u6811\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u793a\u610f\u3002Blink-tree\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u7684B+tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u952e\u503c\uff08high-key\uff09\u548c\u6307\u5411\u540c\u5c42\u53f3\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u7684Link\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u901a\u8fc7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u548c\u5144\u5f1f\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u5728Blink-tree\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6811\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9996\u5148\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5927\u952e\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u662f\u672c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53f3\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6301\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8bfb\u5e76\u884c\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u90e8\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5178B+tree\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u6574\u4e2a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u88ab\u9501\u4f4f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eBlink-tree\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u9501\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/38d74fea38834cc8ed744f8749b4becc.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c4\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c4\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blink-tree \u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Masstree\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7d22\u5f15\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ecBlink-tree\u548cOLFIT-tree\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u4e86B+tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u548cTrie\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u53ca\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5212\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5404\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u6309\u4f20\u7edf\u7684B+tree\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6309Trie\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08version verification\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\u8bfb\u9501\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u914d\u5408\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bfb\u590d\u5236\u66f4\u65b0\uff08read-copy-update\uff0cRCU\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5148\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u66ff\u6362\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u800c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u56e0\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u963b\u585e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/a317263badf6da0f864b7f3e99561278.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c5\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c5\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Masstree\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u867d\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5178\u7ed3\u6784\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u968f\u7740\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9501\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5982\u6b7b\u9501\u6216\u6d3b\u9501\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 \u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5982\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u9501\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500\u8fc7\u5927\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Levandoski\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684Bw-tree\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u6539\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08CAS\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373Compare and Swap\u6307\u4ee4\uff09\u6765\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u8f6f\u516c\u53f8\u7684DocumentDB\u548cAzureCosmosDB\u4e2d\u3002Bw-tree\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u6620\u5c04\u8868\uff08mapping table\uff09\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u8868\u6709\u6548\u5730\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u8868\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3aBw-tree\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5b58\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cBw-tree\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5199\u6216\u8005\u9501\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528CAS\u6307\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Sewall\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aPALM\u7684B+tree\uff0c\u8be5\u6811\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u9501\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e76\u53d1\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5229\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u9501\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89c4\u907f\u4e86\u9501\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\uff08software transactional memory\uff0c STM\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548cHTM\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Wang\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528HTM\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBX\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5229\u7528\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u4e8b\u7269\u5185\u5b58\uff08restricted transactional memory\uff0c RTX\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8eB+tree\u548cHash\u8868\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\uff08key-value store\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728RTM\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c Chen\u7b49\u4eba\u5728GPU\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684HTM\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u6b64\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Herliy\u7b49\u4eba\u8f83\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528STM\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cXu\u7b49\u4eba\u5728GPU\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86STM\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e8b\u52a1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.4 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6279\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\uff0cPollari-Malmi\u7b49\u4eba\u548cShneiderman\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u6309\u9636\u6bb5\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500\u3002Arge\u7b49\u4eba\u548cGraefe\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6279\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u5728PALM\u548cHB+tree\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cPALM\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u9501\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5185\u6838SIMD\u6307\u4ee4\u7ea7\u5e76\u884c\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u53d1\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002HB+tree\u540c\u6837\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728CPU\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6279\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728GPU\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u53d1\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528CPU\u548cGPU\u8d44\u6e90\uff0cHB+tree\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u957f\u5ea6\u5bf9B+tree\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8bbf\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8GPU\u4e0eCPU\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0cHB+tree\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5f02\u6784\u8ba1\u7b97\u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982CPU-GPU\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u53cc\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08double buffering\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u6279\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u65b0\u5728Harmonia\u548cGPUB-tree\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u9488\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4 \u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u662f\u591a\u6838CPU\u3001\u5f02\u6784\u82af\u7247\u3001\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u578b\u5b58\u50a8\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9ad8\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u9ad8\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.1 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Harmonia\u9488\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u517c\u987e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/b222b5d15c1d48247c2c99f5de1983c5.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c6\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c6\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HB+tree\u3001Harmonia\u4e0eGPU B-tree\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u5e03<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Yan\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Harmonia\u5c06B+tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u80fd\u591f\u5728GPU\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6548 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B-tree\u9488\u5bf9B-tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u5728GPU\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9GPU\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9Blink-tree\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u675f\u914d\u5408\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u4ee5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u675f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3a\u7c92\u5ea6\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u675f\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5206\u6b67\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728GPU B-tree\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u7684B-tree\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86GPU\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u9884\u5206\u7c7b\u673a\u5236\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/66893750376546c1416b3a4a89d47c26.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c7\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c7\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Harmonia\u6811\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>FPGA\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7535\u8def\u82af\u7247\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002Yang\u7b49\u4eba\u3001Heinrich\u7b49\u4eba\u3001Qu\u7b49\u4eba\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u82af\u7247\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2dHeinrich\u7b49\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8eFPGA\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301CPU\u4e0eFPGA\u7aef\u5f02\u6784\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u6df7\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee5B+tree\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5728CPU\u7aef\u5b58\u50a8\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u591a\u5c42\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5728FPGA\u7aef\u5b58\u50a8\u5185\u90e8\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7FPGA\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u52a0\u901f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6df7\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u63d0\u5347\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>RDMA\u786c\u4ef6\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002RDMA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u7edf\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u6765\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e76\u53d1\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DrTM\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c06RDMA\u4e0eHTM\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u540c\u6b65\u80fd\u591f\u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4f7f\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u3002DrTM\u4ee5Hash\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5HTM\u4e3a\u5355\u673a\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4e24\u6bb5\u9501\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u914d\u5408HTM\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u8fb9\u7684RDMA\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002DrTM+R\u5728DrTM\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e50\u89c2\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531Mitchell\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Cell\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fB\u6811\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u53ef\u57fa\u4e8eRDMA\u7684\u7279\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u9ad8\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u7684 \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dR\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0cL\u4e3a\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\uff0864 MB\uff09\u5c06\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7RDMA\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5747\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u3001CPU\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-blog.csdnimg.cn\/img_convert\/9c87560c78a229d314dd6f91d70bcc4d.png\" =\"\" =\"640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" alt=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406 (https:\/\/mushiming.com\/)  \u7b2c8\u5f20\" title=\"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5_\u5927\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u539f\u7406  \u7b2c8\u5f20-\u7a46\u4e16\u660e\u535a\u5ba2\" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C ell\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.4 \u57fa\u4e8eNVM\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u6613\u5931\u6027\u5185\u5b58\uff08non volatile memory\uff0c NVM\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b \u5185\u5b58\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u95ed\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0cNVM\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8eDRAM\u4e0eSSD\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u975e\u6613\u5931\u6027\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dBzTree\u662f\u7531Arulraj\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528NVM\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u7684\u9ad8\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u9501\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Bw-tree\u548c\u8df3\u8dc3\u8868\uff08skip 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