{"id":8102,"date":"2024-06-23T08:01:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-23T00:01:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-06-23T08:01:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-23T00:01:01","slug":"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/8102.html","title":{"rendered":"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n \u5b66\u4e60A-level\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u5b66\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8003\u8bd5\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5316\u5b66\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0bA-Level\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1a
\n Nomenclature - Naming organic compounds<\/strong>\u547d\u540d\u6cd5-\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d \u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u5b66\u597d\u5316\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002 <\/p>\n

\"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

IUPAC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Systematic names<\/p>\n

IUPAC names<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u6765\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u6307\u7684\u662fIUPAC\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Prefixes + root + suffixes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa     \u8bcd\u6839  \u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u4f4d\u7f6e-\u540d\u79f0) \u4e3b\u94fe\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570 \u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Step 1<\/strong>Main chain<\/strong><\/p>\n

the longest unbranched hydrocarbon chain or ring<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe<\/p>\n

\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u6216\u6700\u5927\u7684\u73af\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Practice: find thelongest chain<\/p>\n

\"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Step 2<\/strong>  Functional group<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Functional group  reacts in the same way.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\uff0c<\/p>\n

C\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

Family\u6307\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c<\/p>\n

Formula\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f,<\/p>\n

R\u8868\u793arest of the molecule,<\/p>\n

\u6307\u5206\u5b50\u5176\u4ed6C\u94fe\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

Suffix\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u540e\u7f00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5728\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540e\u7f00Suffix<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u7531\u78b3\u548c\u6c22\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u952e\u6784\u6210\u7684\u70f7\u70c3\uff0calkane\u662f\u70f7\u70c3\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\uff0c\u70f7\u70c3\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\uff0calkane\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6700\u957f\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\u4e0a\u67095\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u201cpent\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ea\u7531\u78b3\u548c\u6c22\u548c\u5355\u952e\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\u7c7b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d,\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3apentane<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u5f53\u78b3\u548c\u6c22\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u70ef\u70c3\uff0calkene\u662f\u70ef\u70c3\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\uff0calkene\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u201c-ene\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

      \u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201ceth\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkene\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ene\u201d,\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3aethene<\/p>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a(>=3)\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u53cc\u952e\u5728\u54ea\u4e2aC\u4e0a\uff0c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
         <\/p>\n

      \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

      \u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkene\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ene\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53cc\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b571\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abut-1-ene,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff1aname the compound below<\/p>\n

      CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH=CHCH3<\/sub><\/p>\n

      \u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67095\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cpent\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkene\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ene\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53cc\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b572\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3apent-2-ene,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n

      l  \u5f53\u78b3\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u7f9f\u57fa(-OH)\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9187\uff0calcohol\u662f\u9187\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\uff0calcohol<\/strong>\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u7edf\u4e00\u5c06\u201c-ane\u201d\u6216\u201c-ene\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u6bcde\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\u201c-ol\u201d\uff0c<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201c<\/strong>-anol\u201d\u8868\u793aC-C\u5355\u952e\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\uff0c\u201c-enol\u201d\u8868\u793aC=C\u53cc\u952e\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a(>=3)\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u5728\u54ea\u4e2aC\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        <\/p>\n

      \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

      \u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealcohol\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a-OH\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u70f7\u70c3C\u94fe(\u5168\u662fC-C\u5355\u952e\u7684\u94fe)\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d\u53bb\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcde\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-ol\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00-ol\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b572\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abutan-2-ol,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a(>=3)\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u5728\u54ea\u4e2aC\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          <\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealcohol\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a-OH\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u70f7\u70c3C\u94fe(\u5168\u662fC-C\u5355\u952e\u7684\u94fe)\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d\u53bb\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcde\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-ol\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00-ol\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b571\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abutan-1-ol,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u5f53\u78b3\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20(halogen: F, Cl, Br, I\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa)<\/strong>\uff0c\u78b3\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u70c3\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28(hydrocarbon\uff0c\u53ea\u6709C\u548cH\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269)\u90fd\u53eb\u505a\u5364\u4ee3\u70c3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u70f7\u70c3(\u53ea\u6709C\u548cH\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0aC\u94fe\u5168\u662fC-C\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709C=C\u548cC\u7684\u4e09\u952e)\u7684\u78b3\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5364\u4ee3\u70f7halogenoalkane\u201d\uff0chalogenoalkane\u662f\u5364\u4ee3\u70f7\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\u201c\u5364\u4ee3\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86H\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u5728C\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u5728\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e00\u822c\u653e\u5728\u524d\u7f00\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d\u5f53\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u51e0\u79cd\u5364\u7d20\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

        F-<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>fluoro-<\/strong>; Cl-<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>chloro-<\/strong>; Br-<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>bromo-<\/strong>; I-<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>iodo-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u5176\u5b83\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728A2\u7684\u6709\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          Hydrocarbon ring<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0a\u78b3\u94fe\u6210\u73af<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          Additional  prefix \u201ccyclo\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u52a0\u4e0acyclo-<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \u78b3\u548c\u78b3\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\u70f7\u70c3\uff0c\u201cane\u201d\u540e\u7f00\uff0c<\/p>\n

          6\u4e2a\u78b3\u6210\u73af\uff0c\u7528\u201chex\u201d\u8bcd\u6839\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \u518d\u52a0\u4e0acyclo-\u524d\u7f00<\/p>\n

          \u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\uff1accyclohexane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          Step 3<\/strong> branched chain  and substitutes<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Branch chain are shorter than the main chain<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u652f\u94fe\u548c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/p>\n

          \u652f\u94fe\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u6bd4\u4e3b\u94fe\u8981\u77ed\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u56e2(\u539f\u5b50\u56e2)\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u94fe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u652f\u94fe\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u652f\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u6839\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u7f00\u201c-yl\u201d\uff0c<\/p>\n

          Methyl-\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\u4e0a\u662f1\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e3a  \u7532\u57fa<\/p>\n

          Ethyl-\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\u4e0a\u662f2\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e3a  \u4e59\u57fa<\/p>\n

          Propyl-\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\u4e0a\u662f3\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e3a  \u4e19\u57fa<\/p>\n

          Butyl-\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\u4e0a\u662f4\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e3a  \u4e01\u57fa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u7532\u4e59\u4e19\u4e01\u620a\u5df1\u5e9a\u8f9b\u58ec\u7678<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e941-10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5728\u547d\u540d\u542b\u6709\u652f\u94fe(branched  chain)\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u4e66\u5199\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \u652f\u94fe\u4f4d\u7f6e-\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\u4e3b\u94fe\u540d\u79f0-\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e-\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u5f53\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c<\/p>\n

          \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u70f7\u70c3alkane\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6807\u51fa\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9664\u70f7\u70c3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u51e1\u662f\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u5927\u4e8e3\u4e2a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u5b57\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5199\u5728\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n

          1.   \u652f\u94fe\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n

          2.   \u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>(\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u4e3b\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u7a7a\u683c)<\/p>\n

          3.    <\/strong>\u5355\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u4f4d\u7f6e-\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0<\/strong>\u4e3b\u94fe\u540d\u79f0-\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e-\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00(\u652f\u94fe\u4e0e\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u7a7a\u683c)<\/p>\n

          4.   \u591a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u987a\u5e8f\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u52a0\u4e0adi-\u8868\u793a2\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/strong>,tri-<\/strong>\u8868\u793a3\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/strong>\uff0ctetra-\u8868\u793a4\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

          5.   \u5148\u5199\u652f\u94fe\u518d\u5199\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u548c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u683c<\/strong><\/p>\n

          l  \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e3aC\u94fe\u65f6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          <\/td>\n    <\/p>\n

          \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n

          \u4e3b\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709C-C\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d, \u4e3b\u94fe\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abutane.<\/p>\n

          \u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aCH3<\/sub>-\u4e09\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u652f\u94fe\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f2-methyl, 2\u6307\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u76842\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0cmethyl\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\u662fCH3<\/sub>-<\/p>\n

          \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\u4e3a:2-methylbutane<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210methylbutane<\/strong><\/p>\n

          (\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f53\u4e2d\u652f\u94fe\u7684\u6570\u5b572\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\u662f\u8fde\u5728\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u7684\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u78b3\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u540d\u90fd\u662f2-methylbutane)<\/p>\n

          \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7532\u57fa\u8fde\u5728\u7b2c1\u53f7\u78b3\u6216\u8005\u7b2c4\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u53d8\u6210\u4e865\u4e2a\u78b3\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d8\u62105\u4e2a\u78b3\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u76f4\u94fe\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u652f\u94fe,\u5982\u5de6\u56fe\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7528butane\u547d\u540d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

           <\/p>\n

          \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e3a\u5364\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u65f6<\/p>\n

            \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u672b\u7aef\u7684C\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6eb4\u539f\u5b50\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u6c22\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6eb4\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6eb4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u57281\u53f7\u6216\u80053\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6570\u5b57\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\u6eb4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u78b3\u4e3a1\u53f7\u78b3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6eb4\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3abromo-\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a1-bromo<\/p>\n

            \u4e3b\u94fe\u547d\u540d\uff1a<\/strong>\u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67093\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cprop\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709C-C\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d, \u4e3b\u94fe\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3apropane.<\/p>\n

            \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\u4e3a: 1-bromopropane<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

            \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u78b3\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2aH\u4e00\u4e2aBr\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aC-C\u5355\u952e\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e0a\u753b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u201d\u201c\u5de6\u201d\u201c\u4e0b\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u78b3\u4e0a\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u6c22\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u201c\u4e0a\u201d\u201c\u53f3\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u201c\u4e0b\u201d\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u6c22(\u7531\u4e8eC-C\u5355\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c H\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6ca1\u6709\u5dee\u5f02)\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b49\u6548\u6c22(\u6307\u7b49\u6548\u6c22\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b)<\/p>\n

            \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e24\u4e2aH\u4e92\u4e3a\u7b49\u6548\u6c22\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e24\u4e2aH\u4e92\u4e3a\u7b49\u6548\u6c22\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb93\u4e2aH\u4e92\u4e3a\u7b49\u6548\u6c22.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u542b\u6709\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u652f\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4f18\u5148\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u652f\u94fe\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c<\/p>\n

              \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\/\u652f\u94fe\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u8ba9\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u5b57\u6700\u5c0f<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u4e3b\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealcohol\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a-OH\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u70f7\u70c3C\u94fe(\u5168\u662fC-C\u5355\u952e\u7684\u94fe)\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d\u53bb\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcde\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-ol\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00-ol\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b571\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u94fe\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abutan-1-ol,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n

              \u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u6eb4\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a2\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3abromo-\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a2-bromo<\/p>\n

              \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u540d: 2-bromobutan-1-ol  (<\/strong>\u5148\u5199\u652f\u94fe\u518d\u5199\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u548c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u683c)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                \u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u65f6(\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u5b57)<\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u4e3b\u94fe\u547d\u540d\uff1a<\/strong>\u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67093\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cprop\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709C-C\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealkane\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d, \u4e3b\u94fe\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3apropane.<\/p>\n

                \u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fI-: i<\/strong>odo-, Br-: b<\/strong>romo-,<\/p>\n

                \u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u5b57\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0cI-\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0cBr-\u8fde\u63a5\u57282\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                (\u6ce8\u610fdi-, tri- tetra-\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd<\/strong>\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd)<\/p>\n

                \u201cbromo\u201d<\/strong>\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3ab\u6392\u5728\u201ciodo\u201d\u9996\u5b57\u6bcdi\u7684\u524d\u9762, \u6240\u4ee5\u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d\u4e3a2-bromo-1-iodo<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u540d\uff1a2-bromo-1-iodopropane<\/strong><\/p>\n

                l  \u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u65f6<\/p>\n

                (\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u5b57)<\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                \u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\/\u652f\u94fe\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u8ba9\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u5b57\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2(\u7f9f\u57faOH-)\u6240\u5728\u7684\u78b3\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a1\u53f7\u78b3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u4e3b\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u957f\u7684C\u94fe\u4e0a\u67094\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201cbut\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8ealcohol\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a-OH\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u70f7\u70c3C\u94fe(\u5168\u662fC-C\u5355\u952e\u7684\u94fe)\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u201c-ane\u201d\u53bb\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcde\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-ol\u201d,\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57(\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u78b3)\u6700\u5c0f\u539f\u5219\uff0c-OH(\u7f9f\u57fa)\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u540e\u7f00-ol\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b571\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fde\u63a5\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u94fe\u5e94\u547d\u540d\u4e3abutan-1-ol,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n

                \u652f\u94fe\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7532\u57fa(CH3<\/sub>-)\u8fde\u63a5\u57283\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a3\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3amethyl-\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u201cdi-\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u652f\u94fe\/\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u652f\u94fe\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a3\uff0c3-dimethyl<\/p>\n

                \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u540d:  3,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol<\/strong><\/p>\n

                (<\/strong>\u5148\u5199\u652f\u94fe\u518d\u5199\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u548c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u683c)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                \u201c1\uff0c1\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u90fd\u57281\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u201cdicloro\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aCl-\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c<\/p>\n

                \u201ceth\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u201cane\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u662f\u70f7\u70c3\u94fe(\u5373C-C\u4e4b\u524d\u5168\u662f\u5355\u952e)<\/p>\n

                \u201c1\uff0c2\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5206\u522b\u57281\u53f7\u548c2\u53f7\u78b3\u4e0a\uff0c\u201cdicloro\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aCl-\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u201ceth\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u78b3\uff0c\u201cane\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u94fe\u662f\u70f7\u70c3\u94fe(\u5373C-C\u4e4b\u524d\u5168\u662f\u5355\u952e)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Example\uff1a<\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

                \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u8fd8\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u4eabA-level\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u6709\u60f3\u770b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u7559\u8a00\u533a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u8a00\u3002
                \n \"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\u66f9\u8bd7\u7434A-Level\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u5e08 \u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53cc\u5b66\u4f4d\u5b66\u58eb\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\uff1b \u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u201c\u672c\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u5956\u201d\u4e00\u7b49\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff1a \u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6559\u5b66\u8f85\u5bfc\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u719f\u6089AQA\u3001EDEXCEL\u3001CIE\u8003\u8bd5\u5c40\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002 \n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f_\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\u5b66\u4e60A-level\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u5b66\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8003\u8bd5\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5316\u5b66\u79d1\u76ee","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8102\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mushiming.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}