DDL(Data Definition Languages)语句:即数据库定义语句,用来创建数据库中的表、索引、视图、存储过程、触发器等,常用的语句关键字有:
CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, COMMENT, RENAME
DML(Data Manipulation Language)语句:即数据操纵语句,用来查询、添加、更新、删除等,常用的语句关键字有:
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE, CALL, EXPLAIN PLAN, LOCK TABLE #包括通用性的增删改查
DCL(Data Control Language)语句:即数据控制语句,用于授权/撤销数据库及其字段的权限(DCL is short name of Data Control Language which includes commands such as GRANT and mostly concerned with rights, permissions and other controls of the database system.)。常用的语句关键字
GRANT, REVOKE
TCL(Transaction Control Language)语句:事务控制语句,用于控制事务,常用的语句关键字有:
COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT, SET TRANSACTION