目录
一、拼音分词器
二、自定义分词器
三、自动补全查询
四、实现酒店搜索框自动补全
1.修改酒店映射结构
2.HotelDoc实体
3.自动补全查询的JavaAPI
当用户在搜索框输入字符时,我们应该提示出与该字符有关的搜索项,如图:
这种根据用户输入的字母,提示完整词条的功能,就是自动补全了。
因为需要根据拼音字母来推断,因此要用到拼音分词功能。
要实现根据字母做补全,就必须对文档按照拼音分词。在GitHub上恰好有elasticsearch的拼音分词插件。地址:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin
或者gitCode上镜像 mirrors / medcl / elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin · GitCode
安装方式与IK分词器一样,分三步:
①解压
②上传到虚拟机中,elasticsearch的plugin目录
③重启elasticsearch
④测试
详细安装步骤可以参考IK分词器的安装过程。
【ElasticSearch】(二)—— 安装elasticsearch_机智兵的博客-CSDN博客_安装elasticsearch
测试语法如下:
POST /_analyze
{
"text": "我在学习拼音分词器",
"analyzer": "pinyin"
}
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "wo",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "wzxxpyfcq",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "zai",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "xue",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "xi",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 3
},
{
"token" : "pin",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 4
},
{
"token" : "yin",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 5
},
{
"token" : "fen",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 6
},
{
"token" : "ci",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 7
},
{
"token" : "qi",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 8
}
]
}
默认的拼音分词器会将每个汉字单独分为拼音,而我们希望的是每个词条形成一组拼音,需要对拼音分词器做个性化定制,形成自定义分词器。
elasticsearch中分词器(analyzer)的组成包含三部分:
character filters:在tokenizer之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符
tokenizer:将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条(term)。例如keyword,就是不分词;还有ik_smart
tokenizer filter:将tokenizer输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等
文档分词时会依次由这三部分来处理文档:
声明自定义分词器的语法如下:
PUT /test
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": { // 自定义分词器
"my_analyzer": { // 分词器名称
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
}
},
"filter": { // 自定义tokenizer filter
"py": { // 过滤器名称
"type": "pinyin", // 过滤器类型,这里是pinyin
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
}
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
}
}
}
}
测试:
GET /test0/_analyze
{
"text": ["今天天气真不错"],
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
结果:
小结
如何使用拼音分词器?
①下载pinyin分词器
②解压并放到elasticsearch的plugin目录
③重启即可
如何自定义分词器?
①创建索引库时,在settings中配置,可以包含三部分
②character filter
③tokenizer
④filter
拼音分词器注意事项?
为了避免搜索到同音字,搜索时不要使用拼音分词器
elasticsearch提供了Completion Suggester查询来实现自动补全功能。这个查询会匹配以用户输入内容开头的词条并返回。为了提高补全查询的效率,对于文档中字段的类型有一些约束:
参与补全查询的字段必须是completion类型。
字段的内容一般是用来补全的多个词条形成的数组。
比如,一个这样的索引库:
// 创建索引库
PUT test
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"title":{
"type": "completion"
}
}
}
}
然后插入下面的数据:
// 示例数据
POST test/_doc
{
"title": ["Sony", "WH-1000XM3"]
}
POST test/_doc
{
"title": ["SK-II", "PITERA"]
}
POST test/_doc
{
"title": ["Nintendo", "switch"]
}
查询的DSL语句如下:
// 自动补全查询
GET /test/_search
{
"suggest": {
"title_suggest": {
"text": "s", // 关键字
"completion": {
"field": "title", // 补全查询的字段
"skip_duplicates": true, // 跳过重复的
"size": 10 // 获取前10条结果
}
}
}
}
现在,我们的hotel索引库还没有设置拼音分词器,需要修改索引库中的配置。但是我们知道索引库是无法修改的,只能删除然后重新创建。
另外,我们需要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,将brand、suggestion、city等都放进去,作为自动补全的提示。
因此,总结一下,我们需要做的事情包括:
新建hotel索引库结构,设置自定义拼音分词器
修改索引库的name、all字段,使用自定义分词器
索引库添加一个新字段suggestion,类型为completion类型,使用自定义的分词器
给HotelDoc类添加suggestion字段,内容包含brand、business
重新导入数据到hotel库
// 酒店数据索引库
PUT /hotel
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"text_anlyzer": {
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
},
"completion_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"filter": "py"
}
},
"filter": {
"py": {
"type": "pinyin",
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
}
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"id":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"name":{
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"address":{
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
},
"price":{
"type": "integer"
},
"score":{
"type": "integer"
},
"brand":{
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"city":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"starName":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"business":{
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"location":{
"type": "geo_point"
},
"pic":{
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
},
"all":{
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
},
"suggestion":{
"type": "completion",
"analyzer": "completion_analyzer"
}
}
}
}
package com.elasticsearch.hotel.pojo; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; @Data @NoArgsConstructor public class HotelDoc { private Long id; private String name; private String address; private Integer price; private Integer score; private String brand; private String city; private String starName; private String business; private String location; private String pic; private Object distance; private Boolean isAD; private List<String> suggestion; public HotelDoc(Hotel hotel) { this.id = hotel.getId(); this.name = hotel.getName(); this.address = hotel.getAddress(); this.price = hotel.getPrice(); this.score = hotel.getScore(); this.brand = hotel.getBrand(); this.city = hotel.getCity(); this.starName = hotel.getStarName(); this.business = hotel.getBusiness(); this.location = hotel.getLatitude() + ", " + hotel.getLongitude(); this.pic = hotel.getPic(); // 组装suggestion if(this.business.contains("/")){ // business有多个值,需要切割 String[] arr = this.business.split("/"); // 添加元素 this.suggestion = new ArrayList<>(); this.suggestion.add(this.brand); Collections.addAll(this.suggestion, arr); }else { this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business); } } }
核心实现方法:
@Override
public List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix) {
try {
// 1.准备Request
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel");
// 2.准备DSL
request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion(
"suggestions",
SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion")
.prefix(prefix)
.skipDuplicates(true)
.size(10
));
// 3.发起请求
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 4.解析结果
Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest();
// 4.1.根据补全查询名称,获取补全结果
CompletionSuggestion suggestions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions");
// 4.2.获取options
List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggestions.getOptions();
// 4.3.遍历
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(options.size());
for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : options) {
String text = option.getText().toString();
list.add(text);
}
return list;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}