影响 英文短语_instruction可数吗

(80) 2024-07-09 10:01:01

一、affect只有动词形式,influence、impact既有动词形式又有名词形式。

二、affect是比较常用的单词,它的用法很简单,就是直接接名词宾语,或用被动态。例如:

Nowadays it is widely believed that AI will affect job opportunities of software developers, and even take the place of them.(现在广泛认为AI会影响软件开发者的工作机会,甚至会取代他们。)

Allowing too many players to be on line definitely affects customers’ experience.(允许太多玩家在线一定会影响客户的体验。)

Unfortunately, though exhaustive research improves accuracy of image prediction, it affects the rate of image compression.(不幸的是,尽管穷尽搜索提高了图像预测精度,但却影响了图像压缩的速率。)

The performance is affected if one more gateway is added.(如果多加一个网关的话,性能就会受到影响。)

看得出来,当affect 与performance、security、rate等词一起时,affect可以认为是improve、enhance等的反义词。

二、influence 做动词时与affect 可以认为是同义词,但在论文写作中一般使用affect而不用influence。

influence 做名词时侧重表达一件事物或一个人对另一件事物或人的长期形成的影响,例如:

Obviously education has considerable influence on one’s life.(显然教育对一个人的一生有相当大的影响。)

Academic journals exert enormous influence on researchers in such a way that one’s work is merely assessed by the number of his published papers.(学术期刊对研究者具有巨大的影响,一个人的工作仅仅是以他发表文章的数量衡量的。)

One may think Turing’s idea exercised influence on the invention and development of computers. In fact it’s not true. Turing presented a model of humans’ computation and showed that a universal computer can be created. However he didn’t tell us what a universal computer is like. It was Von Neumann who first told us what a universal computer is like. (有人会认为图灵的思想对计算机的发明和发展产生了影响,其实不是的。图灵只是提出了人类的计算模型并指出一种通用计算机能够存在,他并没有告诉我们通用计算机是什么样。是冯诺伊曼第一次告诉我们计算机是什么样子。)注意例句中的通用计算机就是现在我们说的计算机。

三、impact 的动词与affect 是同义词。impact 的名词侧重(突发的)重大影响(它的另一意思是“撞击”)。例如:

Sudden numerous dropouts would produce a significant impact on training of federal learning.(突然的大量掉线会对联邦学习的训练产生严重影响。)

The power cut had a severe impact on residents’  life.(那次停电对居民的正常生活产生了严重影响。)

四、总之,动词建议用affect ,名词看影响的具体情况而定,但是influence 和impact 的区分经常不是那么严格,是可互相替代的,而且从目前的英语文章看,impact 似乎比influence 更常用。此外,可以用形容词来界定影响的严重性(significant、tremendous、obvious…)、短期(short-term)、长期性(long-term)…

(例句均属原创,无引用。)

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