kubernetes workload_k8s容器化部署

• kubernetes【工具】kind【1】入门实践

• kubernetes【工具】kind【2】集群配置

• https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/

1. 简介

Kind（Kubernetes in Docker） 是一个 Kubernetes 孵化项目，Kind 是一套开箱即用的 Kubernetes 环境搭建方案。顾名思义，就是将 Kubernetes 所需要的所有组件，全部部署在一个 Docker 容器中，可以很方便的搭建 Kubernetes 集群。

Kind 已经广泛的应用于 Kubernetes 上游及相关项目的 CI 环境中，官方文档中也把 Kind 作为一种本地集群搭建的工具推荐给大家。

2. Kind 可以做什么？

1. 快速创建一个或多个 Kubernetes 集群
2. 支持部署高可用的 Kubernetes 集群
3. 支持从源码构建并部署一个 Kubernetes 集群
4. 可以快速低成本体验一个最新的 Kubernetes 集群，并支持 Kubernetes 的绝大部分功能
5. 支持本地离线运行一个多节点集群

3. Kind 有哪些优势？

1. 最小的安装依赖，仅需要安装 Docker 即可
2. 使用方法简单，只需 Kind Cli 工具即可快速创建集群
3. 使用容器来模似 Kubernetes 节点
4. 内部使用 Kubeadm 的官方主流部署工具
5. 通过了 CNCF 官方的 K8S Conformance 测试

4. Kind 是如何工作的？

Kind 使用容器来模拟每一个 Kubernetes 节点，并在容器里面运行 Systemd。 容器里的 Systemd 托管了 Kubelet 和 Containerd，然后容器内部的 Kubelet 把其它 Kubernetes 组件：Kube-Apiserver、Etcd、CNI 等等组件运行起来。

Kind 内部使用了 Kubeadm 这个工具来做集群的部署，包括高可用集群也是借助 Kubeadm 提供的特性来完成的。在高用集群下还会额外部署了一个 Nginx 来提供负载均衡 VIP。

5. 准备

5.1 安装docker

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker 

5.2 安装kubectl

官方：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/#install-kubectl

 yum install kubectl 

5.3 安装 Kind

Kind 使用 Golang 进行开发，原生支持良好的跨平台特性，通常只需要直接下载构建好的二进制文件就可使用。

Linux

$ curl -Lo ./kind https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.11.0/kind-linux-amd64 $ chmod +x ./kind $ mv ./kind /usr/local/bin/kind 

Windows

$ curl.exe -Lo kind-windows-amd64.exe https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.5.1/kind-windows-amd64 $ mv .\kind-windows-amd64.exe c:\kind.exe 

更多平台的安装方法可参考官方文档

源码
如果本地环境已经配置好 Golang (1.11+) 的开发环境，你也可以直接通过源码进行安装。

$ go get sigs.k8s.io/kind@v0.5.1 

6. kind命令

$ kind kind creates and manages local Kubernetes clusters using Docker container 'nodes' Usage: kind [command] Available Commands: build Build one of [base-image, node-image] create Creates one of [cluster] delete Deletes one of [cluster] export exports one of [logs] get Gets one of [clusters, nodes, kubeconfig-path] help Help about any command load Loads images into nodes version prints the kind CLI version Flags: -h, --help help for kind --loglevel string logrus log level [panic, fatal, error, warning, info, debug] (default "warning") --version version for kind Use "kind [command] --help" for more information about a command. 

简单说下几个比较常用选项的含义：

• build：用来从 Kubernetes 源代码构建一个新的镜像。
• create：创建一个 Kubernetes 集群。
• delete：删除一个 Kubernetes 集群。
• get： 可用来查看当前集群、节点信息以及 Kubectl 配置文件的地址。
• load：从宿主机向 Kubernetes 节点内导入镜像。

7. 创建集群

#默认集群名字是kind kind create cluster Creating cluster "kind" ... ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.21.1) 🖼 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦 ✓ Writing configuration 📜 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️ ✓ Installing CNI 🔌 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾 Set kubectl context to "kind-kind" You can now use your cluster with: kubectl cluster-info --context kind-kind Not sure what to do next? 😅 Check out https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/ $ kind get clusters kind #创建第二个集群 $ kind create cluster --name kind-2 Creating cluster "kind-2" ... ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.21.1) 🖼 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦 ✓ Writing configuration 📜 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️️ ✓ Installing CNI 🔌 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾 Set kubectl context to "kind-kind-2" You can now use your cluster with: kubectl cluster-info --context kind-kind-2 Have a nice day! 👋 $ kind get clusters kind kind-2 #为了与特定的集群交互，你只需要在kubectl中指定集群名作为上下文: $ kubectl cluster-info --context kind-kind Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:34804 CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:34804/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'. $ kubectl cluster-info --context kind-kind-2 Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:39972 CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:39972/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'. $ kubectl get node --context kind-kind NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION kind-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 10m v1.21.1 $ kubectl get node --context kind-kind-2 NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION kind-2-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 7m10s v1.21.1 $ kubectl get pod -n kube-system --context kind-kind-2 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE coredns-558bd4d5db-25zcm 1/1 Running 0 8m22s coredns-558bd4d5db-w5bnx 1/1 Running 0 8m22s etcd-kind-2-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 8m24s kindnet-2wbfz 1/1 Running 0 8m22s kube-apiserver-kind-2-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 8m24s kube-controller-manager-kind-2-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 8m24s kube-proxy-b67sv 1/1 Running 0 8m22s kube-scheduler-kind-2-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 8m24s $ kubectl get pod -n kube-system --context kind-kind NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE coredns-558bd4d5db-fvpxx 1/1 Running 0 12m coredns-558bd4d5db-v9mwb 1/1 Running 0 12m etcd-kind-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 12m kindnet-78zdc 1/1 Running 0 12m kube-apiserver-kind-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 12m kube-controller-manager-kind-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 12m kube-proxy-28lm4 1/1 Running 0 12m kube-scheduler-kind-control-plane 1/1 Running 0 12m #修改默认集群 #当前 $ kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION kind-2-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 46m v1.21.1 $ cat /root/.kube/config ······················ contexts: - context: cluster: kind-kind user: kind-kind name: kind-kind - context: cluster: kind-kind-2 user: kind-kind-2 name: kind-kind-2 current-context: kind-kind-2 #修改kind-kind即可切换到kind集群 kind: Config preferences: { 
   } users: ············· $ kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION kind-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 46m v1.21.1 $ kind get kubeconfig --name=kind apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster: certificate-authority-data: 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 server: https://127.0.0.1:34804 name: kind-kind contexts: - context: cluster: kind-kind user: kind-kind name: kind-kind current-context: kind-kind kind: Config preferences: { 
   } users: - name: kind-kind user: client-certificate-data: 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 client-key-data: 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 

–name 是可选参数。如果不指定，默认创建出来的集群名字为 kind。

用默认安装的方式时，我们没有指定任何配置文件。从安装过程的输出来看，一共分为 4 步：

• 检查本地环境是否存在一个基础的安装镜像，默认是 kindest/node:1.21.1，该镜像里面包含了所有需要安装的东西，包括：kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet
  的二进制文件，以及安装对应版本 Kubernetes 所需要的镜像。
• 准备 Kubernetes 节点，主要就是启动容器、解压镜像这类的操作。
• 建立对应的 kubeadm 的配置，完成之后就通过 kubeadm 进行安装。安装完成后还会做一些清理操作，比如：删掉主节点上的污点，否则对于没有容忍的 Pod 无法完成部署。
• 上面所有操作都完成后，就成功启动了一个 Kubernetes 集群并输出一些操作集群的提示信息。

默认情况下，Kind 会先下载 kindest/node:v1.21.1 镜像。如果你想指定不同版本，可以使用 --image 参数，类似这样：kind create cluster --image kindest/node:v1.21.1

kindest/node 这个镜像目前托管于 Docker Hub 上，下载时可能会较慢。同样的问题 Kind 进行集群的创建也是存在的，Kind 实际使用 Kubeadm 进行集群的创建。对 Kubeadm 有所了解的同学都知道它默认使用的镜像在国内是不能访问的，所以一样需要自行解决网络问题。

如果你存在上面说的网络问题，最好配置一个国内的加速器或者镜像源。如果你还不知道如何配置加速器和镜像源可以参考：「Docker / Kubernetes 镜像源不可用，教你几招搞定它！」和 「 Docker 下使用 DaoCloud / 阿里云镜像加速」两篇文章。

8. 载入镜像

$ kind load docker-image busybox alpine --name kind ERROR: image: "busybox" not present locally $ docker pull busybox Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox 3cb635b06aa2: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b5cfd4befc119a590ca1a81d6bb0fa1fb19f1fbebd0397f25fae164abe1e8a6a Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/busybox:latest $ docker pull alpine Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/alpine ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/alpine 59bf1c3509f3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:21a3deaa0d32af36584b5288d2e5eccbc0c70fa8c9300 Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/alpine:latest #一定不要用“latest”，因为它会在创建实例的时候失败。 $ docker tag docker.io/busybox:latest busybox:my-latest $ docker tag docker.io/alpine:latest alpine:my-latest $ kind load docker-image busybox alpine --name kind Image: "busybox" with ID "sha256:ffe9d497c32414b1c5cdad8178a85602eeda2463f1dede592ac7d5af" not yet present on node "kind-control-plane", loading... Image: "alpine" with ID "sha256:c059bfaa849c4d8e4aecaeb3a10c2d9b3d85f5165c66ad3a4dc4d18" not yet present on node "kind-control-plane", loading... 

工作流workflow like：

docker build -t my-custom-image:unique-tag ./my-image-dir kind load docker-image my-custom-image:unique-tag kubectl apply -f my-manifest-using-my-image:unique-tag 

查看各个集群镜像：

$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES da2a0a kindest/node:v1.21.1@sha256:fae9a58f17f18f06aeac9772ca8b5ac680ebbed985e266f711d936e91d113bad "/usr/local/bin/en..." 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes 127.0.0.1:39972->6443/tcp kind-2-control-plane a9171fe66dc1 kindest/node:v1.21.1@sha256:fae9a58f17f18f06aeac9772ca8b5ac680ebbed985e266f711d936e91d113bad "/usr/local/bin/en..." 38 minutes ago Up 38 minutes 127.0.0.1:34804->6443/tcp kind-control-plane $ docker exec -ti kind-control-plane crictl images IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE docker.io/kindest/kindnetd v-1e038dc5 6deaa22 54MB docker.io/library/alpine latest c059bfaa849c4 5.87MB docker.io/library/busybox latest ffe9d497c3241 1.46MB docker.io/rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.14 ec9c5f9 13.4MB k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base v2.1.0 c7c6c86897b63 21.1MB k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns v1.8.0 296a6d5035e2d 12.9MB k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ffd 86.7MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.21.1 6401e478dcc01 127MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.21.1 d0d10aa 121MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.21.1 ebd41ad8710f9 133MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.21.1 7813cf876a0d4 51.9MB k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2eca 301kB $ docker exec -ti kind-2-control-plane crictl images IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE docker.io/kindest/kindnetd v-1e038dc5 6deaa22 54MB docker.io/rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.14 ec9c5f9 13.4MB k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base v2.1.0 c7c6c86897b63 21.1MB k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns v1.8.0 296a6d5035e2d 12.9MB k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ffd 86.7MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.21.1 6401e478dcc01 127MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.21.1 d0d10aa 121MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.21.1 ebd41ad8710f9 133MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.21.1 7813cf876a0d4 51.9MB k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2eca 301kB 

9. 部署一个服务

$ docker pull nginx:1.14.2 $ kind load docker-image nginx:1.14.2 --name kind Image: "nginx" with ID "sha256:f6987c8d6ed59543e9f34327c23e12141c9baddccc8e1bee" not yet present on node "kind-control-plane", loading... $ vim nginx.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.14.2 ports: - containerPort: 80 kubectl get deployment NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE nginx-deployment 0/2 2 0 39s kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-2s5cb 1/1 Running 0 84s nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-8wf8b 1/1 Running 0 84s 

由于我们没有做服务暴露，所以是不能直接访问对应的服务的，我们可以用 kubectl 提供的端口转发功能来讲流量从本地转发给 k8s 集群。

10. 删除集群

$ kind delete clusters my-cluster Deleted clusters: ["my-cluster"]